Editor
Randall L. Braddom MD MS
Clinical Professor
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Medical School
and Clinical Professor
Robert Wood Johnson Medical Schools
New Brunswick, New Jersey
Associate Editors
Ralph M. Buschbacher MD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Indiana University Medical Center
Indianapolis, Indiana
Leighton Chan MD MPH MS
Associate Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington
Karen J. Kowalske MD
Associate Professor and Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Texas, Southwestern Medical
Center
Dallas, Texas
Edward R. Laskowski MD
Consultant
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Dennis J. Matthews MD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Denver, Colorado
Kristjan T. Ragnarsson MD
Lucy G. Moses Professor and Chairman
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Mount Sinai Medical Center
New York, New York
Contributors
Richard T. Abresch MS
Research Director
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Davis School of Medicine
University of California
Davis, CA
Augusta Alba MD
Associate Professor, Clinical Rehabilitation
Medicine, NYU Medical Center
Chief, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Coler-Goldwater Speciality Hospital and
Nursing Facility
Roosevelt Island, NY
Susan D. Apkon MD
Assistant Professor of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
The Children’s Hospital
Denver, CO
Lars Arendt-Nielsen Dr Med Sci PhD
Director of the International Doctorate School in
Biomedical Science and Engineering
Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction
Aalborg University
Aalborg, Denmark
Jan R. Avent PhD
Professor of Communicative Sciences and
Disorders
Department of Communication Sciences and
Disorders
California State University, East Bay
Hayward, CA
Karen P. Barr MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Brent A. Bauer MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Director, Complementary and Integrative
Medicine Program
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
Terrie Black MBA BSN RN BC CRRN
UDS-PRO® Product Manager
Manager of Consultation, Education and
Training
Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation
Amherst, NY
Donna Jo Blake MD
Chief, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Service
Denver VA Medical Center
Eastern Colorado Health System
Denver, CO
Rina M. Bloch MD
Associate Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
New England Medical Center
Boston, MA
Cathy Bodine PhD CCC-SLP
Associate Professor/Director
Assistive Technology Partners
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Colorado Denver and Health
Sciences Center
Denver, CO
Randall L. Braddom MD MS
Clinical Professor
University of Medicine and Dentistry of
New Jersey Medical School
Clinical Professor
Robert Wood Johnson Medical Schools
New Brunswick, NJ
Fernando Branco MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Clinical Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Miami School of Medicine
Miami, FL
Jeffrey S. Brault DO PT
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
Susan L. Braun MLS OTR
WeeFIM® Product Manager
Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation
Amherst, NY
Andrew D. Bronstein MD
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Radiology
University of Washington
Radiology Consultants of Washington
Bellevue, WA
Theodore Brown MD MPH
Director of Rehabilitation Medicine
MS Hub Medical Group
Seattle, WA
Thomas N. Bryce MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Mount Sinai Medical Center
New York, NY
Mary Ellen Buning OTR PhD
Assistant Professor
Assistive Technology Partners
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Denver, CO
Ralph M. Buschbacher MD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Indiana University Medical Center
Indianapolis, IN
Diana D. Cardenas MD MHA
Professor and Chair
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Gregory T. Carter MD
Clinical Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Leighton Chan MD MPH MS
Associate Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Andrea Cheville MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute
Philadelphia, PA
David X. Cifu MD
Herman J Flax, MD Professor & Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Virginia Commonwealth University School of
Medicine
Department of PM&R
Richmond, VA
Albert Clairmont MD
Associate Professor—Clinical
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
The Ohio State University
College of Medicine & Public Health
Columbus, OH
Andrew J. Cole MD
Physiatrist
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Northwest Spine & Sports Physicians
Bellevue, WA
Rory A. Cooper PhD
Distinguished Professor & FISA IPVA Endowed
Chair
Department of Rehabilitation Science and
Technology
University of Pittsburgh
Director, Human Engineering Research
Laboratories
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System
Pittsburgh, PA
Richard Drew Davis MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, AL
Michael J. DePalma MD
Physiatrist
Sheltering Arms Spine & Sport Center
Richmond, VA
Timothy R. Dillingham MD MS
Professor and Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
The Medical College of Wisconsin
Brookfield, WI
Jeanne Doherty MD
Assistant Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
Magee Rehabilitation Hospital
Philadelphia, PA
Daniel Dumitru MD
Professor and Deputy Chairman
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
The University of Texas—HSC at San Antonio
San Antonio, TX
Alberto Esquenazi MD
Chair, Department of PM&R & Chief Medical
Officer
MossRehab
Albert Einstein Medical Center
Elkins Park, PA
Peter C. Esselman MD
Associate Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Harborview Medical Center
Seattle, WA
Frank J.E. Falco MD
Director, PM&R Pain Medicine Fellowship
Clinical Assistant Professor
Temple University Medical School, Philadelphia
Mid Atlantic Spine
Newark, DE
Jonathan T. Finnoff DO
Physiatrist
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Utah State University
Logan, UT
Brian S. Foley MD
Assistant Professor
Medical Director of Occupational Health
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, IN
Guy Fried MD
Associate Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
Magee Rehabilitation Hospital
Philadelphia, PA
Nancy Q. Fung MD
Assistant Attending Physiatrist, New York
Presbyterian Hospital
Instructor of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Weill Medical College
Cornell University
New York, NY
Deborah J. Gaebler-Spira MD
Associate Professor
Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Laura M. Garber
Certified Hand Therapist
Saint Luke’s East
Rehabilitation and Wellness Center
Lee’s Summit, MS
Ralph E. Gay MD DC
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
Robert Goldman MD
Visiting Clinical Associate Professor
Hyperbaric, Wound Care and Lymphedema
Center
Memorial Hermann Hospital
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Texas
Houston, TX
Carl V. Granger MD
Executive Director, Uniform Data System for
Medical Rehabilitation
Professor, Department of Rehabilitation
Medicine
School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
University at Buffalo
The State University of New York
Buffalo, NY
Brian E. Grogg MD
Instructor, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, MN
Jaime Guzman MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of
Toronto
Clinician Investigator, Toronto Rehabilitation
Institute
Associate Scientist
Institute for Work and Health
Toronto, ON, Canada
Jay J. Han MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Davis School of Medicine
University of California
Davis, CA
Pamela A. Hansen MD
Physician
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of Utah School of Medicine
Salt Lake City, UT
R. Norman Harden MD
Director, Center for Pain Studies
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Mark A. Harrast MD
Assistant Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
and Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Richard L. Harvey MD
Medical Director, Stroke Program
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Peter Kerr Henke MD
Associate Professor of Surgery
Department of Vascular Surgery
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, MI
William J. Hennessey MD
Medical Director
Rehabilitation Services
Latrobe Area Hospital
Greensburg, PA
Cathy Thomas Hess BSN RN CWOCN
President and Director
Clinical Operations
Wound Care Strategies, Inc
Harrisburg, PA
Felicia Hill-Briggs PhD ABPP
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology &
Clinical Research
Baltimore, MD
Kurtis M. Hoppe MD
Consultant, Mayo Clinic
Instructor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, MN
Mark E. Huang MD
Assistant Professor of PM&R
Neural Engineering Center for Artificial Limbs
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Franklin Lee Irwin Jr. MD
Attending Physician
Mid Atlantic Spine & Pain Specialists, P.A.
Newark, DE
Rebecca D. Jackson MD
Professor of Internal Medicine
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and
Metabolism
The Ohio State University
Columbus, OH
Jeffrey Jenkins MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Charlottesville, VA
Douglas Johnson-Greene PhD ABPP
Associate Professor
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins University of Medicine
Baltimore, MD
Robert E. Kappler DO FAAO
Professor of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine
Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Department
Midwestern University
Downer’s Grove, IL
Priti Khanna MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center
Dallas, TX
Daniel W. Kim MD
Attending Physician
Mid Atlantic Spine & Pain Specialists, P.A.
Newark, DE
John C. Kincaid MD
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, IN
John C. King MD
Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine and
Director, Reeves Rehabilitation Center
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Texas—HSC at San Antonio
San Antonio, TX
Heidi Klingbeil MD
Chief of Geriatric Rehabilitation
Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation
Clinical Assistant Professor
University of Medicine & Dentistry of
New Jersey
East Orange, NJ
Alicia M. Koontz PhD RET ATP
Research Health Scientist
Center of Excellence in Wheelchairs and
Associated Rehabilitation Engineering
Human Engineering Research Laboratories
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System
Pittsburgh, PA
Kathleen Bechtold Kortte PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, MD
Karen J. Kowalske MD
Associate Professor and Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Texas, Southwestern Medical
Center
Dallas, TX
George H. Kraft MD MS
Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
Adjunct Professor of Neurology
Department of Neurology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Jeffrey S. Kreutzer PhD ABPP
Professor, Director of Rehabilitation and
Neuropsychological
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, VA
Todd A. Kuiken MD PhD
Associate Professor of PM&R
Neural Engineering Center for Artificial Limbs
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Alison E. Lane MD
Lecturer in Occupational Therapy
School of Health Sciences
University of South Australia
Adelaide, Australia
Edward R. Laskowski MD
Consultant
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
Charles Law MD
Assistant Professor, Medical Director
Department of Pediatrics
The Children’s Hospital of Alabama
Birmingham, AL
C. David Lin MD
Assistant Attending Physiatrist, New York
Presbyterian Hospital
Assistant Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Weill Medical College
Cornell University
New York, NY
Robert Lipschutz BSME CP
Director
Prosthetics & Orthotics Clinical Center
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Shane E. Macaulay MD
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Radiology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Radiology Consultants of Washington
Bellevue, WA
Koichiro Matsuo DDS PhD
Assistant Professor of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, MD
Dennis J. Matthews MD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Denver, CO
Michael E. Mayo MD MBBS
Professor Emeritus
Department of Urology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Craig M. McDonald MD
Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of California Davis School of
Medicine
Lawrence J. Ellison Ambulatory Care Center
Sacramento, CA
Jay M. Meythaler MD JD
Professor-Chair
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Specialist in Chief for PM&R
The Detroit Medical Center
Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan
Detroit, MI
William F. Micheo MD
Chairman & Professor
Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation
& Sports Medicine
University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Laura Miller PhD CP
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Northwestern University and the Rehabilitation
Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Yousef M. Mohammad MD MSc
Assistant Professor of Neurology
Department of Neurology
Ohio State University Medical Center
University Hospital
Columbus, OH
Denise M. Monahan MS CCC-SLP
Senior Speech Language Pathologist
Department of Rehabilitation
The Good Samaritan Hospital
Baltimore, MD
Daniel P. Moore MD
Professor of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
and Pediatrics
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Brody School of Medicine
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC
Merilyn L. Moore PT
Rehabilitation Therapies Manager
Harborview Medical Center
Seattle, WA
Shubhra Mukherjee MD
Instructor in Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Northwestern University
Pediatric Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Attending Physician
Children’s Memorial Hospital
Chicago, IL
W. Jerry Mysiw MD
Bert C. Wiley Chair and Associate
Professor of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
The Ohio State University
Columbus, OH
Patricia W. Nance MD
Chief, Rehabilitation Service and Professor
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
VA Long Beach Healthcare System
University of California Irvine
Long Beach, CA
Steven M. Nash MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Neurology
Department of Neurology
Ohio State University Medical Center
University Hospital
Columbus, OH
Sharon P. Nations MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center
Dallas, TX
Michael W. O’Dell MD
Associate Chief and Attending Physiatrist,
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
Professor of Clinical Rehabilitation Medicine
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Weill Medical College
Cornell University
New York, NY
C. Obi Onyewu MD
Attending Physician
Mid Atlantic Spine & Pain Specialists, P.A.
Newark, DE
Jeffrey B. Palmer MD
Lawrence Cardinal Shehan Professor of
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Professor of Otolaryngology and Functional
Anatomy & Evolution
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins University
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, MD
Sara Palmer PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, MD
André Panagos MD
Assistant Professor, Weill Medical College of
Cornell University
Assistant Attending Physiatrist
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
New York Presbyterian Hospital
Weill Cornell Medical Center
New York, NY
Atul T. Patel MD MHSA
Medical Director, Rehabilitation Unit
Research Medical Center
Kansas City Bone & Joint Clinic, Inc
Kansas City, MO
Andrea Peterson DO
Practising Physiatrist
Department of Physical Medicine
Marshfield Clinic
Marshfield, WI
Adrian Popescu MD
Research Associate
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, PA
Kristjan T. Ragnarsson MD
Lucy G. Moses Professor & Chairman
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Mount Sinai Medical Center
New York, NY
James P. Robinson MD PhD
Clinical Associate Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Elliot J. Roth MD
The Paul B. Magnuson Professor & Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Northwestern University Feinberg School of
Medicine
The Donnelley Senior Vice President & Medical
Director
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Richard Salcido MD
Chairman
Rehabilitation Medicine Department
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA
Cynthia Salorio PhD
Pediatric Neurophysiologist/Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Kennedy Krieger Institute
Baltimore, MD
Michael Saulino MD PhD
Assistant Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
MossRehab
Elkins Park, PA
Mark R. Schmeler MS OTR/L ATP
Instructor, Department of Rehabilitation Science
& Technology
Senior Clinician, Center for Assistive
Technology
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA
Dan D. Scott MD
Associate Professor
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Health
Sciences Center
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Service
Denver VA Medical Center
Denver, CO
Richard E. Seroussi MD MSc
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,
University of Washington
Seattle Spine & Rehabilitation Medicine
Seattle, WA
Craig Seto MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Family Medicine
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Charlottesville, VA
Andrew Sherman MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Clinical Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Miami
Miami, FL
Hilary C. Siebens MD
Adjunct Professor of Clinical Physical Medicine
& Rehabilitation
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of Virginia
Seal Beach, CA
Mehrsheed Sinaki MD MS
Professor of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
Ranjeet B. Singh MD
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Radiology
University of Washington
Radiology Consultants of Washington
Bellevue, WA
Marca Lee Sipski MD
Professor of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Spain Rehabilitation Center
Birmingham, AL
Daniel N. Slater MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, VA
Curtis W. Slipman MD
Director, Penn Spine Center
Chief, Division of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation
Associate Professor of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Pennsylvania Health System
Philadelphia, PA
Donald M. Spaeth PhD RET ATP
Associate Director of Engineering
Human Engineering Research Laboratories
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System
Pittsburgh, PA
Mary Catherine Spires MD
Associate Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, MI
Steven P. Stanos DO
Medical Director
Chronic Pain Care Center
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Adam B. Stein MD
Associate Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
New York, NY
Steven A. Stiens MD MS
Associate Professor, Department of
Rehabilitation Medicine, University of
Washington
Attending Physician
VA Puget Sound Health Care System
Seattle, WA
Paul Sugg CP FAAOP
Clinical Manager
Hanger Prosthetics and Orthotics
Greenville, SC
Mukul Talaty PhD
Research Engineer
Gait & Motion Analysis Laboratory
MossRehab
Albert Einstein Medical Center
Elkins Park, PA
Laura Taylor PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, VA
Edward Tilley CO
Manager, Orthotics Services
University Health Systems of Eastern North
Carolina
Pitt County Memorial Hospital
Greenville, NC
Jaya R. Trivedi MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology
Department of Neurology
University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center
Dallas, TX
Mark D. Tyburski MD
Physician
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Delaina Walker-Batson PhD
Director, The Stroke Center—Dallas
Professor, Department of Communication
Sciences and Disorders
Texas Woman’s University—Dallas
Dallas, TX
David C. Weber MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, MN
Stephen T. Wegener PhD ABPP
Associate Professor & Director of Rehabilitation
Psychology
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, MD
Jonathan H. Whiteson MD BSc
Assistant Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
Co-Director, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary
Rehabilitation
Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine
New York, NY
Robert P. Wilder MD
Associate Professor
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Virginia Health System
Charlottesville, VA
Stuart E. Willick MD
Associate Professor
University of Utah Orthopedic Center
Salt Lake City, UT
Pamela Wilson MD
Assistant Professor of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Colorado School of Medicine
The Children’s Hospital
Denver, CO
Robert K. Yang MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
Mark A. Young MD MBA FACP
Chair
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Department
The Maryland Rehabilitation Center/WTC
The University of Maryland
Baltimore, MD
David Yu MD
Assistant Professor & Rehabilitation Physician
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Jie Zhu MD
Attending Physician
Mid Atlantic Spine & Pain Specialists, P.A.
Newark, DE
Braddom: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 3/e
List of Contributors
Editor
Randall L. Braddom MD MS
Clinical Professor
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Medical School
and Clinical Professor
Robert Wood Johnson Medical Schools
New Brunswick, New Jersey
Associate Editors
Ralph M. Buschbacher MD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Indiana University Medical Center
Indianapolis, Indiana
Leighton Chan MD MPH MS
Associate Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, Washington
Karen J. Kowalske MD
Associate Professor and Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Texas, Southwestern Medical
Center
Dallas, Texas
Edward R. Laskowski MD
Consultant
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Dennis J. Matthews MD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Denver, Colorado
Kristjan T. Ragnarsson MD
Lucy G. Moses Professor and Chairman
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Mount Sinai Medical Center
New York, New York
Contributors
Richard T. Abresch MS
Research Director
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Davis School of Medicine
University of California
Davis, CA
Augusta Alba MD
Associate Professor, Clinical Rehabilitation
Medicine, NYU Medical Center
Chief, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Coler-Goldwater Speciality Hospital and
Nursing Facility
Roosevelt Island, NY
Susan D. Apkon MD
Assistant Professor of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
The Children’s Hospital
Denver, CO
Lars Arendt-Nielsen Dr Med Sci PhD
Director of the International Doctorate School in
Biomedical Science and Engineering
Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction
Aalborg University
Aalborg, Denmark
Jan R. Avent PhD
Professor of Communicative Sciences and
Disorders
Department of Communication Sciences and
Disorders
California State University, East Bay
Hayward, CA
Karen P. Barr MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Brent A. Bauer MD
Associate Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Director, Complementary and Integrative
Medicine Program
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
Terrie Black MBA BSN RN BC CRRN
UDS-PRO® Product Manager
Manager of Consultation, Education and
Training
Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation
Amherst, NY
Donna Jo Blake MD
Chief, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Service
Denver VA Medical Center
Eastern Colorado Health System
Denver, CO
Rina M. Bloch MD
Associate Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Tufts University School of Medicine
New England Medical Center
Boston, MA
Cathy Bodine PhD CCC-SLP
Associate Professor/Director
Assistive Technology Partners
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Colorado Denver and Health
Sciences Center
Denver, CO
Randall L. Braddom MD MS
Clinical Professor
University of Medicine and Dentistry of
New Jersey Medical School
Clinical Professor
Robert Wood Johnson Medical Schools
New Brunswick, NJ
Fernando Branco MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Clinical Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Miami School of Medicine
Miami, FL
Jeffrey S. Brault DO PT
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
Susan L. Braun MLS OTR
WeeFIM® Product Manager
Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation
Amherst, NY
Andrew D. Bronstein MD
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Radiology
University of Washington
Radiology Consultants of Washington
Bellevue, WA
Theodore Brown MD MPH
Director of Rehabilitation Medicine
MS Hub Medical Group
Seattle, WA
Thomas N. Bryce MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Mount Sinai Medical Center
New York, NY
Mary Ellen Buning OTR PhD
Assistant Professor
Assistive Technology Partners
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Denver, CO
Ralph M. Buschbacher MD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Indiana University Medical Center
Indianapolis, IN
Diana D. Cardenas MD MHA
Professor and Chair
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Gregory T. Carter MD
Clinical Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Leighton Chan MD MPH MS
Associate Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Andrea Cheville MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute
Philadelphia, PA
David X. Cifu MD
Herman J Flax, MD Professor & Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Virginia Commonwealth University School of
Medicine
Department of PM&R
Richmond, VA
Albert Clairmont MD
Associate Professor—Clinical
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
The Ohio State University
College of Medicine & Public Health
Columbus, OH
Andrew J. Cole MD
Physiatrist
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Northwest Spine & Sports Physicians
Bellevue, WA
Rory A. Cooper PhD
Distinguished Professor & FISA IPVA Endowed
Chair
Department of Rehabilitation Science and
Technology
University of Pittsburgh
Director, Human Engineering Research
Laboratories
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System
Pittsburgh, PA
Richard Drew Davis MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Pediatrics
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Birmingham, AL
Michael J. DePalma MD
Physiatrist
Sheltering Arms Spine & Sport Center
Richmond, VA
Timothy R. Dillingham MD MS
Professor and Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
The Medical College of Wisconsin
Brookfield, WI
Jeanne Doherty MD
Assistant Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
Magee Rehabilitation Hospital
Philadelphia, PA
Daniel Dumitru MD
Professor and Deputy Chairman
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
The University of Texas—HSC at San Antonio
San Antonio, TX
Alberto Esquenazi MD
Chair, Department of PM&R & Chief Medical
Officer
MossRehab
Albert Einstein Medical Center
Elkins Park, PA
Peter C. Esselman MD
Associate Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Harborview Medical Center
Seattle, WA
Frank J.E. Falco MD
Director, PM&R Pain Medicine Fellowship
Clinical Assistant Professor
Temple University Medical School, Philadelphia
Mid Atlantic Spine
Newark, DE
Jonathan T. Finnoff DO
Physiatrist
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Utah State University
Logan, UT
Brian S. Foley MD
Assistant Professor
Medical Director of Occupational Health
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, IN
Guy Fried MD
Associate Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
Magee Rehabilitation Hospital
Philadelphia, PA
Nancy Q. Fung MD
Assistant Attending Physiatrist, New York
Presbyterian Hospital
Instructor of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Weill Medical College
Cornell University
New York, NY
Deborah J. Gaebler-Spira MD
Associate Professor
Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Laura M. Garber
Certified Hand Therapist
Saint Luke’s East
Rehabilitation and Wellness Center
Lee’s Summit, MS
Ralph E. Gay MD DC
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
Robert Goldman MD
Visiting Clinical Associate Professor
Hyperbaric, Wound Care and Lymphedema
Center
Memorial Hermann Hospital
Department of Anesthesiology
University of Texas
Houston, TX
Carl V. Granger MD
Executive Director, Uniform Data System for
Medical Rehabilitation
Professor, Department of Rehabilitation
Medicine
School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
University at Buffalo
The State University of New York
Buffalo, NY
Brian E. Grogg MD
Instructor, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, MN
Jaime Guzman MD
Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of
Toronto
Clinician Investigator, Toronto Rehabilitation
Institute
Associate Scientist
Institute for Work and Health
Toronto, ON, Canada
Jay J. Han MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Davis School of Medicine
University of California
Davis, CA
Pamela A. Hansen MD
Physician
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of Utah School of Medicine
Salt Lake City, UT
R. Norman Harden MD
Director, Center for Pain Studies
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Mark A. Harrast MD
Assistant Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
and Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Richard L. Harvey MD
Medical Director, Stroke Program
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Peter Kerr Henke MD
Associate Professor of Surgery
Department of Vascular Surgery
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, MI
William J. Hennessey MD
Medical Director
Rehabilitation Services
Latrobe Area Hospital
Greensburg, PA
Cathy Thomas Hess BSN RN CWOCN
President and Director
Clinical Operations
Wound Care Strategies, Inc
Harrisburg, PA
Felicia Hill-Briggs PhD ABPP
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology &
Clinical Research
Baltimore, MD
Kurtis M. Hoppe MD
Consultant, Mayo Clinic
Instructor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, MN
Mark E. Huang MD
Assistant Professor of PM&R
Neural Engineering Center for Artificial Limbs
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Franklin Lee Irwin Jr. MD
Attending Physician
Mid Atlantic Spine & Pain Specialists, P.A.
Newark, DE
Rebecca D. Jackson MD
Professor of Internal Medicine
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and
Metabolism
The Ohio State University
Columbus, OH
Jeffrey Jenkins MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Charlottesville, VA
Douglas Johnson-Greene PhD ABPP
Associate Professor
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins University of Medicine
Baltimore, MD
Robert E. Kappler DO FAAO
Professor of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine
Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine Department
Midwestern University
Downer’s Grove, IL
Priti Khanna MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center
Dallas, TX
Daniel W. Kim MD
Attending Physician
Mid Atlantic Spine & Pain Specialists, P.A.
Newark, DE
John C. Kincaid MD
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Indiana University School of Medicine
Indianapolis, IN
John C. King MD
Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine and
Director, Reeves Rehabilitation Center
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Texas—HSC at San Antonio
San Antonio, TX
Heidi Klingbeil MD
Chief of Geriatric Rehabilitation
Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation
Clinical Assistant Professor
University of Medicine & Dentistry of
New Jersey
East Orange, NJ
Alicia M. Koontz PhD RET ATP
Research Health Scientist
Center of Excellence in Wheelchairs and
Associated Rehabilitation Engineering
Human Engineering Research Laboratories
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System
Pittsburgh, PA
Kathleen Bechtold Kortte PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, MD
Karen J. Kowalske MD
Associate Professor and Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Texas, Southwestern Medical
Center
Dallas, TX
George H. Kraft MD MS
Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
Adjunct Professor of Neurology
Department of Neurology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Jeffrey S. Kreutzer PhD ABPP
Professor, Director of Rehabilitation and
Neuropsychological
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, VA
Todd A. Kuiken MD PhD
Associate Professor of PM&R
Neural Engineering Center for Artificial Limbs
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Alison E. Lane MD
Lecturer in Occupational Therapy
School of Health Sciences
University of South Australia
Adelaide, Australia
Edward R. Laskowski MD
Consultant
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
Charles Law MD
Assistant Professor, Medical Director
Department of Pediatrics
The Children’s Hospital of Alabama
Birmingham, AL
C. David Lin MD
Assistant Attending Physiatrist, New York
Presbyterian Hospital
Assistant Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Weill Medical College
Cornell University
New York, NY
Robert Lipschutz BSME CP
Director
Prosthetics & Orthotics Clinical Center
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Shane E. Macaulay MD
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Radiology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Radiology Consultants of Washington
Bellevue, WA
Koichiro Matsuo DDS PhD
Assistant Professor of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Baltimore, MD
Dennis J. Matthews MD
Professor and Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Colorado School of Medicine
Denver, CO
Michael E. Mayo MD MBBS
Professor Emeritus
Department of Urology
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Craig M. McDonald MD
Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of California Davis School of
Medicine
Lawrence J. Ellison Ambulatory Care Center
Sacramento, CA
Jay M. Meythaler MD JD
Professor-Chair
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Wayne State University School of Medicine
Specialist in Chief for PM&R
The Detroit Medical Center
Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan
Detroit, MI
William F. Micheo MD
Chairman & Professor
Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation
& Sports Medicine
University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Laura Miller PhD CP
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Northwestern University and the Rehabilitation
Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Yousef M. Mohammad MD MSc
Assistant Professor of Neurology
Department of Neurology
Ohio State University Medical Center
University Hospital
Columbus, OH
Denise M. Monahan MS CCC-SLP
Senior Speech Language Pathologist
Department of Rehabilitation
The Good Samaritan Hospital
Baltimore, MD
Daniel P. Moore MD
Professor of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
and Pediatrics
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Brody School of Medicine
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC
Merilyn L. Moore PT
Rehabilitation Therapies Manager
Harborview Medical Center
Seattle, WA
Shubhra Mukherjee MD
Instructor in Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Northwestern University
Pediatric Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Attending Physician
Children’s Memorial Hospital
Chicago, IL
W. Jerry Mysiw MD
Bert C. Wiley Chair and Associate
Professor of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
The Ohio State University
Columbus, OH
Patricia W. Nance MD
Chief, Rehabilitation Service and Professor
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
VA Long Beach Healthcare System
University of California Irvine
Long Beach, CA
Steven M. Nash MD
Assistant Professor of Clinical Neurology
Department of Neurology
Ohio State University Medical Center
University Hospital
Columbus, OH
Sharon P. Nations MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center
Dallas, TX
Michael W. O’Dell MD
Associate Chief and Attending Physiatrist,
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
Professor of Clinical Rehabilitation Medicine
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Weill Medical College
Cornell University
New York, NY
C. Obi Onyewu MD
Attending Physician
Mid Atlantic Spine & Pain Specialists, P.A.
Newark, DE
Jeffrey B. Palmer MD
Lawrence Cardinal Shehan Professor of
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Professor of Otolaryngology and Functional
Anatomy & Evolution
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins University
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore, MD
Sara Palmer PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, MD
André Panagos MD
Assistant Professor, Weill Medical College of
Cornell University
Assistant Attending Physiatrist
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
New York Presbyterian Hospital
Weill Cornell Medical Center
New York, NY
Atul T. Patel MD MHSA
Medical Director, Rehabilitation Unit
Research Medical Center
Kansas City Bone & Joint Clinic, Inc
Kansas City, MO
Andrea Peterson DO
Practising Physiatrist
Department of Physical Medicine
Marshfield Clinic
Marshfield, WI
Adrian Popescu MD
Research Associate
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Philadelphia, PA
Kristjan T. Ragnarsson MD
Lucy G. Moses Professor & Chairman
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Mount Sinai Medical Center
New York, NY
James P. Robinson MD PhD
Clinical Associate Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Elliot J. Roth MD
The Paul B. Magnuson Professor & Chairman
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Northwestern University Feinberg School of
Medicine
The Donnelley Senior Vice President & Medical
Director
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Richard Salcido MD
Chairman
Rehabilitation Medicine Department
Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA
Cynthia Salorio PhD
Pediatric Neurophysiologist/Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Kennedy Krieger Institute
Baltimore, MD
Michael Saulino MD PhD
Assistant Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
MossRehab
Elkins Park, PA
Mark R. Schmeler MS OTR/L ATP
Instructor, Department of Rehabilitation Science
& Technology
Senior Clinician, Center for Assistive
Technology
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA
Dan D. Scott MD
Associate Professor
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Health
Sciences Center
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Service
Denver VA Medical Center
Denver, CO
Richard E. Seroussi MD MSc
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,
University of Washington
Seattle Spine & Rehabilitation Medicine
Seattle, WA
Craig Seto MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Family Medicine
University of Virginia School of Medicine
Charlottesville, VA
Andrew Sherman MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Clinical Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Miami
Miami, FL
Hilary C. Siebens MD
Adjunct Professor of Clinical Physical Medicine
& Rehabilitation
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of Virginia
Seal Beach, CA
Mehrsheed Sinaki MD MS
Professor of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
Ranjeet B. Singh MD
Clinical Assistant Professor
Department of Radiology
University of Washington
Radiology Consultants of Washington
Bellevue, WA
Marca Lee Sipski MD
Professor of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Spain Rehabilitation Center
Birmingham, AL
Daniel N. Slater MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, VA
Curtis W. Slipman MD
Director, Penn Spine Center
Chief, Division of Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation
Associate Professor of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Pennsylvania Health System
Philadelphia, PA
Donald M. Spaeth PhD RET ATP
Associate Director of Engineering
Human Engineering Research Laboratories
VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System
Pittsburgh, PA
Mary Catherine Spires MD
Associate Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
University of Michigan Health System
Ann Arbor, MI
Steven P. Stanos DO
Medical Director
Chronic Pain Care Center
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Adam B. Stein MD
Associate Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
New York, NY
Steven A. Stiens MD MS
Associate Professor, Department of
Rehabilitation Medicine, University of
Washington
Attending Physician
VA Puget Sound Health Care System
Seattle, WA
Paul Sugg CP FAAOP
Clinical Manager
Hanger Prosthetics and Orthotics
Greenville, SC
Mukul Talaty PhD
Research Engineer
Gait & Motion Analysis Laboratory
MossRehab
Albert Einstein Medical Center
Elkins Park, PA
Laura Taylor PhD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, VA
Edward Tilley CO
Manager, Orthotics Services
University Health Systems of Eastern North
Carolina
Pitt County Memorial Hospital
Greenville, NC
Jaya R. Trivedi MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology
Department of Neurology
University of Texas Southwestern Medical
Center
Dallas, TX
Mark D. Tyburski MD
Physician
Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago
Chicago, IL
Delaina Walker-Batson PhD
Director, The Stroke Center—Dallas
Professor, Department of Communication
Sciences and Disorders
Texas Woman’s University—Dallas
Dallas, TX
David C. Weber MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
Rochester, MN
Stephen T. Wegener PhD ABPP
Associate Professor & Director of Rehabilitation
Psychology
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Johns Hopkins University
Baltimore, MD
Jonathan H. Whiteson MD BSc
Assistant Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine
Co-Director, Cardiovascular and Pulmonary
Rehabilitation
Rusk Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine
New York, NY
Robert P. Wilder MD
Associate Professor
Department of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
University of Virginia Health System
Charlottesville, VA
Stuart E. Willick MD
Associate Professor
University of Utah Orthopedic Center
Salt Lake City, UT
Pamela Wilson MD
Assistant Professor of Physical Medicine and
Rehabilitation
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Colorado School of Medicine
The Children’s Hospital
Denver, CO
Robert K. Yang MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Physical Medicine &
Rehabilitation
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN
Mark A. Young MD MBA FACP
Chair
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Department
The Maryland Rehabilitation Center/WTC
The University of Maryland
Baltimore, MD
David Yu MD
Assistant Professor & Rehabilitation Physician
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine
University of Washington School of Medicine
Seattle, WA
Jie Zhu MD
Attending Physician
Mid Atlantic Spine & Pain Specialists, P.A.
Newark, DE
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